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参考文献Sources and Bibliography(第1页)

参考文献SourdBibliography

第一章 高卢人

&evideningGallicwarriorsinItaly–andtheirnakedness–aterracottafriezefoundatCivitalbaiesfromalmostaturyafterthebattleontheAllia,andwhichmatchesawritteionofGallicwarriorsatthebattleofTelamon,foughtsomeseveer.AfullatofwhatisknownaboutItaly’sCelticpeoplesaruggleswithRomeisofferedbyJ.H.C.WilliamsiheRubiansandGaulsinRepubliItaly(2001).WilliamsstronglyfavoursJuly387BCasthedateforthebattleontheAllia(whichcouldtheoreticallyhavetakenplaJuly386instead).IItaliabyMariaTeresaGrassi(Milan2009)desdsdisonegraves.Barryliffe’sTheAs(1991)remainsathesubjedPeterBerresfordEllis,ABriefHistoryoftheDruids(2002)thoughmoretroversial,htsiicsociety.ItisElliswhopointsoutthatthenameBrennusprobablymeantking.FortheebetweeiiguagesseeNipiresuageHistoryoftheWorld(2006).

T.J.ell,TheBeginningsofRome:ItalyaheBrohePunicWars(c.1000–264BC)(1995)providesanencyclopaeditofRins,topography,defeyandpolitigclearlywiththeplexargumentsthatsurroundeveryissue,aailsinthischapteraredrawnfromell’sat.GaryForsythe,ACriticalHistoryofEarlyRome,fromPrehistorytotheFirstPunicWar(2006)offersausefuladditiontoell’swork.MaryBeard,S.P.Q.R.AHistoryofARome(2015)addsfasgfurtherinsightsintoRome’searlyyears.

OnRomans’earlybeliefsseeMaryBeard,JohnNorthandSimonPrice,ReligionsofRome,VolumeI,aHistory(1998).TheparisohosandclassicalItaliancitiesisdrawnfromAndrewWallace-Hadrill’sHousesayinPompeiiandHereum(1994).OnRomaseeFabioParasecoli,AlDeoryofFoodinItaly(2amesandtheprotheeseeFilippoCoarelli,RomeandEnviricalguide,trans.JamesL.dDanielP.Harmon(2014)andH.H.Scullard,FestivalsandiesoftheRomanRepublic,(1981).ForearlyVeiiseeH.H.Scullard’sTheEtrusdRome(1967).

&hatlaterRomanswovemisleadingstoriesfrommisuoodinssoempleofJuaisproposedbyGaryForsythe.J.H.C.WilliamsdetailsevideheRomanspaidofftheGaulsandthatallofthegtheayhavefallentotheWilliamsalsooffersanintriguiheGreekcityofDelphi,whichwasattaturyafterRome,in279BC,byGauls,alsoledbyaking,Brennus,andaboutwhichstoriesofaheroicholdoutalsogrewup,despiteevideheGaulswerevictoriousandpaidoff.WilliamssuggestsLivy’sstoriesmayhavebeehisGreekheroition.

第二章 哥特人

OtozaseePeterLongeririchHimmler(2013);EugeneDollmann,UnSchiavoLibero(1968)andEugeneDollman,RomaNazista(2002).DollmanellerandhadeveryreasontodistancehimselffromHimmler,whoemployedDollmannashispersonalItalianinformantforsomeyears,sohistaleoftheFrenerisquestiohereisnodoubtthatHimmlercametozathatmtoseeAlaric’ssupposedgrave.AyearandahalflaterhepressuredtheItalianpolicechief,Boi,toseozatosearchforit.

iheirstruggleswiththeRomaheevolutiohs,Alaric’sprogresstoRomeandthelikelypositiohatfollowedhim,seePeterHeather,TheGoths(1996);GothsandRomans332–489(1991)andalsohismagraitofthisera,TheFalloftheRomanEmpire,Aory(2005).IerHeathersuggestsStiliadehisseeminglystraogotowarwiththeEasternRomanEmpirebecausehecouldseetroubleingontheRhiieraoaugmenthistroopsbytakiiheBalkansthathadpassedtotheEasterheneedfermaokeeptheirfollowerssuppliedwithplunderseealsoE.A.ThompsohsiimeofUlfila(1966).

OheEmpire’slatefourth-turydtheWesterualfall,HeatheremphasizestheadvancesmadebyGermaheybeerousaeslargeraianalysisfoanweaknessesbefoundinAdrianGoldsworthy:HowRomeFell:DeathofaSuperpoldsworthyemphasizestheroleoftheEmpire’stcivilwarsandalsofulmilitaryinnovationsthatappearedihotablytheteohousetroopsawayfromthefroies,wheretheymayhavebeedistraforts.

&h-e’stopographytheclassiainsRichardKrautheimer,Rome,ProfileofaCity,312–1308(1980).AaentthatfocusesmorearchaeologicaldiscoveriesbefoundinBryanerkins,FromClassitiquitytotheMiddleAges,UrbanPubliginNortheraly,AD300–850(OxfordHistoriographs)(1984).Adetailedaodatestudyfricalviewpointisofferedbyie,Frometne,anArchaeologicalHistoryofItalyAd300–800(2006).

OnordinarylifeinRitsimperialglorydaysthebestsiisstillJér?meo’sDailyLifeiRome,thePeopleatheheightoftheEmpire,tra.Rowell(1975).MoreretportraitsofclassieatitsheightioAngela,ADayintheLifeofARome(2011).Forallaspeeihtury,ingitswalls,itsarchitecture,amey,goveraalRepublipoliticalposts,seeBertrandLaeAntiquity,EverydayLifeandUrbange,AD312–609,trans.AntoniaNewell(2000).Omarbles,seeAmandaClaridge,Rome,anicalGuide(1998).TheitineraryofRome’samenitiesisfromLan?on.

ForthedomestiperialgoverseeAndrewWallace-Hadrill,‘TheImperialTheCambridgeAory,X,TheAugustineEmpire,43BC–69AD(1996).FortheHouseofRomulusseeClaridge.ForthedemiseofRomahemadingoftheLaureolusdramaofthelatefirstturyAD,seeo.Forthefrailtiesofthe,seeDavidKarmon,TheRuiernaltiquityaioninRenaissane(2011).ForitsesseeAlberto,whooffersavividatoflathearena.ForValentianI’switchtrialsofsenators(AD369–371)seeLan?on.FornewimperialarchitecturalstylesthatusedvaultedcreteseeWilliamL.Maald,TheArchiteanEmpire,Volume1,anIntrodu(1965).Ohatsomethibadlywrongwiththeheon’sportico,seeClaridge.Onhowartandinssgrewcruderdurihirdturydalsoonpagaheirdemise,seeRobinLaneFox,PagansandsierraneanWorld,Fromthe2uryADtotheofe(1986).Onaristoans’viewsonsexseeAheearlyChurch’sdistasteforsexofalmostanykind,seeLaneFox.

ForthedemiseofpaganismseeReligionsofRome,VolumeI,aHistory,byMaryBeard,JohnNorthandSimonPrice(1998)andJandCapital,Romeihtury(2000),whichsubreathihiselusiveera.Oiansfouhedrals(ihahoughoheywouldhavebeenoutsideRomaoo)seePeterBrown,‘Sorcery,DemonsandtheRiseofity:fromlaterAntiquityintotheMiddleAges’ierBrionaheAgeofAugustine(1972).Forthedisplatelsbymartyrsaints,andalsoforsecuritymeasuresusedtorestrainover-zealouspilgrimsfrsaints’remaierBrowoftheSaints,itsRiseandFunLatinity(1981).FortheredisdiioyrsaintsforRomebyBishopDamasus,aer’sroleasgatekeepertoheavehaeoftheMartyrs:Saints,dRelics,FourthtoSeveuries’inRomaFelix–FormatioionsofMediaevalRome,ed.éamáinandandeVegvar(2008).ForthelikelihoodthatStPeteroRome,andforPopePiusXII’sexsbearofStPeter’s,seeR.J.B.Bosworth,WhisperingeanditsHistories(2011).OweenrivaldidatestobebishopofRomesee.

OnRome’saquedudbaths,seeKrautheimer.OnRome’sfoodddistribution,seeLan?ohe’ssuper-ri?onandperialRomanfood,diiesandhautee,ingrecipes,seePatrickFaas,Arouable,trans.ShaunWhiteside(1994).OnRomasseeo.OhinessofRomeseeVivianNuttohoughtsonUrbanpollution’inValerieM.HopeandEireannMarshall(eds),DeathaheAy(2009)andalsoNevilleMorley,‘TheSalubriousheRomanHelenKing(ed.),HealthinAntiquity(2005).OnmalariaseeRobertSallares,MalariaaoryofMalariaiCity(2002).Ondoedie,seeRalphJa,DodDiseaseintheRomanEmpire(1988).ForslavesseeKeithBradley,SlaveryaRome(1994).Oivelaehestreets,aerlegalindependenenintheEmpire’sheyday,seeo.

&lesoverthestatueofVidatofflictsbetweenAsdtheirlesszealousrelatives,ahier,arebothdrawnfrom.AlsofromestheintriguingnotionthatValeriusPiniaheYouodivestthemselvesoftheirwealthwasafathefallofStilidsohelpedbringaboutAlaric’sattae.LikewisefromesthewillingnessofmoderateRomans,aiaannostalgiaintheirlives.

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